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Server Microsoft Exchange diretas dalam serangan rantai balasan internal

November 22, 2021 by Eevee

Pelaku ancaman meretas server Microsoft Exchange menggunakan ProxyShell dan eksploitasi ProxyLogon untuk mendistribusikan malware dan melewati deteksi menggunakan email rantai balasan internal yang dicuri.

Peneliti TrendMicro telah menemukan taktik menarik yang digunakan untuk mendistribusikan email berbahaya ke pengguna internal perusahaan menggunakan server pertukaran Microsoft milik korban.

Pelaku di balik serangan ini diyakini sebagai ‘TR’, aktor ancaman terkenal yang mendistribusikan email dengan lampiran berbahaya yang menjatuhkan malware, termasuk Qbot, IcedID, Cobalt Strike, dan muatan SquirrelWaffle.

Aktor tersebut mengelabui target perusahaan agar membuka lampiran berbahaya, mengeksploitasi server Microsoft Exchange menggunakan kerentanan ProxyShell dan ProxyLogon.

Pelaku ancaman kemudian menggunakan server Exchange yang disusupi ini untuk membalas email internal perusahaan dalam serangan berantai balasan yang berisi tautan ke dokumen berbahaya yang menginstal berbagai malware.

Salah satu email Squirrelwaffle ke target
Sumber: TrendMicro

Karena email ini berasal dari jaringan internal yang sama dan tampaknya merupakan kelanjutan dari diskusi sebelumnya antara dua karyawan, ini mengarah pada tingkat kepercayaan yang lebih besar bahwa email tersebut sah dan aman.

Dokumen Microsoft Excel berbahaya yang digunakan oleh SquirrelWaffle

Menurut laporan Trend Micro, para peneliti mengatakan bahwa mereka telah melihat serangan ini mendistribusikan pemuat SquirrelWaffle, yang kemudian menginstal Qbot.

Namun, peneliti Cryptolaemus ‘TheAnalyst’ mengatakan bahwa dokumen berbahaya yang digunakan oleh aktor ancaman ini menjatuhkan kedua malware sebagai muatan terpisah, bukan SquirrelWaffle yang mendistribusikan Qbot.

Microsoft telah memperbaiki kerentanan ProxyLogon pada bulan Maret dan kerentanan ProxyShell pada bulan April dan Mei, menanganinya sebagai zero-day pada saat itu.

Pelaku ancaman telah menyalahgunakan kedua kerentanan untuk menyebarkan ransomware atau menginstal webshell untuk akses pintu belakang nanti. Serangan ProxyLogon menjadi sangat buruk sehingga FBI menghapus web shell dari server Microsoft Exchange yang berbasis di AS tanpa terlebih dahulu memberi tahu pemilik server.

Setelah sekian lama dan media luas kerentanan ini telah diterima, tidak menambal Exchange Server hanyalah undangan terbuka untuk peretas.

Sumber : Bleeping Computer

Tagged With: kerentanan, Malware, Microsoft, ProxyLogon, ProxyShell, TR

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